Hemosiderosis pulmonar idiopática, caso clínico en México. Importancia de un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno / Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, clinical case in Mexico. The relevance of performed an early diagnosis and treatment

La hemosiderosis pulmonar idiopática (HPI) es una patología poco frecuente; su distribución geográfica, su incidencia y prevalencia se desconocen de manera exacta a nivel mundial. Tiene una fuerte asociación con condiciones autoinmunes y una adecuada respuesta al tratamiento inmunosupresor. A pesar de ser una patología grave, presenta una tasa de morbilidad y mortalidad mediana, siempre que se realice un diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz. Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente femenina con diagnóstico de HPI quien cursó con la triada clásica de esta enfermedad: hemoptisis, anemia ferropénica e infiltrados pulmonares difusos. Se descartaron otras causas de hemorragia pulmonar difusa y se realizó el diagnóstico por biopsia pulmonar. Se trató con esteroides sistémicos e inhalados y azatioprina. Tras casi 2 años después del diagnóstico, estando sin tratamiento por 3 meses, presentó una exacerbación con hemorragia pulmonar masiva ocasionando el fallecimiento de la paciente.

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) is a rare pathology; its geographic distribution, incidence and prevalence are not accurately known worldwide. It has a strong association with autoimmune conditions and has an adequate response to immunosuppressive treatment. Despite being a serious pathology, it has a medium morbidity and mortality rate, provided that early diagnosis and treatment is performed. We present the clinical case of a female patient diagnosed with IPH who presented with the classic triad of this disease: hemoptysis, iron deficiency anemia and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates. Other causes of diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage were ruled out and the diagnosis was made by lung biopsy. She was managed with systemic and inhaled steroids and azathioprine. After almost 2 years before the diagnosis, being without treatment for 3 month she had a massive pulmonary hemorrhage, causing the death of the patient.

Prevalência de síndrome metabólica em pacientes pós-transplante renal / Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in post-kidney transplantation patients

O desenvolvimento da síndrome metabólica após o transplante renal (TxR) é evidenciado na literatura e se caracteriza por alterações que conferem a redução da função do enxerto. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever a prevalência da síndrome metabólica e identificar variáveis que se associam à síndrome metabólica em receptores de TxR tardio. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal analítico realizado com pacientes receptores de TxR. Foram incluídos participantes com idade superior ou igual a 18 anos, receptores de TxR tardio em acompanhamento superior a 6 meses. A análise descritiva dos dados foi expressa por médias, desvio padrão, medianas e percentuais. A normalidade dos dados foi verificada pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk ao nível de 5% de significância. Aplicou-se o teste de comparação de médias para duas amostras independentes, teste t de Student. Foi utilizado o teste de correlação de Pearson para avaliar as possíveis relações existentes entre a variável tempo pós TxR com as outras variáveis de interesse. Resultados: Ao avaliar 43 pacientes com idade média de 50,9 ± 9,8 anos, notou-se que a síndrome metabólica esteve presente em 53,85% dos voluntários e que se associou ao peso prévio (p= 0,018), concentrações séricas de triglicerídeos (p= 0,001), menores médias de HDL (p= 0,053) e, também, foi verificada uma associação marginal com a circunferência da cintura (p= 0,051). A SM foi prevalente no período pós TxR. Ainda, as maiores médias de peso prévio ao TxR, de circunferência da cintura, de triglicerídeos e as menores médias de HDL se associaram à SM

The onset of metabolic syndrome (MS) after kidney transplantation (KTx) is evidenced in the literature and this is characterized by alterations that confer a reduction in the function of the transplantation. Objective: The aim of this research is to describe the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and to identify the variables that are associated with the metabolic syndrome in recipients of belated KTx. Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study carried out with patients receiving KTx. Participants aged 18 years or older, recipients of late KTx with follow-up longer than 6 months, were included. The descriptive analysis of the data was expressed as means, standard deviation, medians and percentages. Data normality was verified using the Shapiro-Wilk test at a 5% significance level. The mean comparison test was applied for two independent samples, Student's t test. Pearson's correlation test was used to assess possible association between the variable time after KTx and the other variables of interest. Results: Forty-three patients with a mean age of 50.9 ± 9.8 years were evaluated and metabolic syndrome was present in 53.85% of the volunteers. There was an association with previous weight (p= 0.018), serum triglyceride concentrations (p= 0.001) and lower HDL means (p= 0.053) and and a marginal association with waist circumference (p=0,0051). MS was prevalent in the post-KTx period. Furthermore, the highest means of weight prior to KTx, waist circumference, TG and the lowest means of HDL were associated with MS

Belimumabe comparado à terapia padrão do Sistema Único de Saúde no tratamento da nefrite lúpica nos estágios III, IV e V: revisão rápida / Belimumab compared to standard therapy of the Brazilian Public Health System in the treatment of lupus nephritis in stage III, IV, and V: rapid review

Belimumabe, rituximabe, terapia imunossupressora. Indicação: Nefrite lúpica nos estágios III, IV, V, refratária à terapia imunossupressora. Pergunta: Belimumabe é eficaz (remissão da nefrite, normalização da perda da função renal, qualidade de vida) e seguro (descontinuação devido a eventos adversos totais e eventos adversos graves) para o tratamento de pacientes com nefrite lúpica refratária nos estágios III, IV, V em comparação aos medicamentos disponíveis no Sistema Único de Saúde? Objetivo: Avaliar a segurança e eficácia do belimumabe em comparação com os medicamentos disponíveis no Sistema Único de Saúde em pacientes adultos com nefrite lúpica. Métodos: Revisão rápida de revisões sistemáticas. Levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado nas bases de dados PUBMED, EMBASE, SCOPUS, BVS, EPISTEMONIKOS, Cochrane Library e em registros de revisões sistemáticas e ensaios clínicos. Seguiu estratégias de buscas predefinidas. Foi feita avaliação da qualidade metodológica dos estudos incluídos através da ferramenta AMSTAR-2 (Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews Version 2). Resultados: Foram selecionadas duas revisões sistemáticas que atendiam aos critérios de elegibilidade, mas nenhum ensaio clínico foi escolhido, pois não atendiam aos critérios de inclusão. Conclusão: a terapia combinada de belimumabe, ou de rituximabe, com tratamento imunossupressor padrão é mais eficaz que o tratamento padrão para alcançar remissão clínica da nefrite lúpica. A terapia combinada é tão segura quanto o tratamento padrão. Belimumabe e rituximabe tem eficácia similar entre si

Belimumab, rituximab, and immunosuppressive therapy. Indication: Refractory lupus nephritis to immunosuppressive therapy in stages III, IV, V. Question: Is belimumab effective (for remission of nephritis, normalization of loss of renal function, quality of life) and safe (for discontinuation due to total adverse events and serious adverse events) in the treatment of patients with refractory lupus nephritis in stages III, IV, V compared to the drugs available in the Brazilian Public Health System? Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of belimumab compared to drugs available in the Brazilian Public Health System in adult patients with lupus nephritis. Methods: Rapid review of systematic reviews. A bibliographic search was done in the PUBMED, EMBASE, SCOPUS, BVS, EPISTEMONIKOS, Cochrane Library databases and in records of systematic reviews and clinical trials. It has followed predefined search strategies. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the AMSTAR-2 tool (Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews Version 2). Results: Two systematic reviews were selected, which met the eligibility criteria, but no clinical trials were chosen, as they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Conclusion: Combination therapy of belimumab or rituximab with standard immunosuppressive treatment is more effective than standard treatment in achieving clinical remission of lupus nephritis. Combination therapy is as safe as standard treatment. Belimumab and rituximab have similar efficacy to each other

Dupilumabe e upadacitinibe comparados a medicamentos imunossupressores para o tratamento de dermatite atópica moderada a grave refratária a terapia tópica: revisão rápida de evidências / Dupilumab and upadacitinib compared to immunosuppressive drugs for the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis refractory to topical therapy: rapid review of evidence

Tecnologia: Dupilumabe e upadacitinibe. Comparadores: Azatioprina, metotrexato, ciclosporina, micofenolato de mofetila. Indicação: Tratamento de dermatite atópica severa em pacientes adultos. Pergunta: Dupilumabe e upadacitinibe são mais eficazes e tão seguros quanto ciclosporina ou outros agentes imunossupressores para obter os desfechos de saúde no tratamento sistêmico de dermatite atópica moderada a grave refratária à terapia atópica? Métodos: Levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado na base de dados PUBMED e Cochrane Library, seguindo estratégias de buscas predefinidas. Foi feita avaliação da qualidade metodológica das revisões sistemáticas com a ferramenta AMSTAR2 (Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews Version 2). Resultados: Foram selecionados três estudos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Conclusão: Dupilumabe, upadacitinibe, ciclosporina e azatioprina são mais eficazes que placebo nos desfechos de eficácia (reduzir sinais clínicos em escalas, reduzir sintomas em escalas) para tratamento da dermatite atópica moderada a grave refratária à terapia tópica, mas esses medicamentos não diferem entre si. Dupilumabe, upadacitinibe, ciclosporina e azatioprina são bem tolerados e seguros

Technology: Dupilumab, upadacitinibe. Comparators: Azathioprine, methotrexate, cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil. Indication: Treatment of severe atopic dermatitis in adult patients. Question: Are dupilumab and upadacitinib more effective and as safe as cyclosporine or other immunosuppressive agents for achieving health outcomes in the systemic treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis refractory to atopic therapy? Methods: A bibliographic survey was done in the PUBMED e Cochrane Library databases, following predefined search strategies. The methodological quality of systematic reviews was evaluated using the AMSTAR-2 tool (Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews Version 2). Results: Three studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Conclusion: Dupilumab, upadacitinib, cyclosporine, and azathioprine are more effective than placebo on efficacy endpoints (reduce clinical signs on scales, reduce symptoms on scales) for treating moderate to severe atopic dermatitis refractory to topical therapy, but these drugs do not differ from each other. Dupilumab, upadacitinib, cyclosporine, and azathioprine are well tolerated and safe

Pharmacogenetic testing improves treatment responses in patients with PLA2R-related membranous nephropathy / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the value of pharmacogenetic testing for improving the efficacy and safety of treatment with cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and cyclophosphamide (CTX) for PLA2R-related membranous nephropathy and for determing individualized and precise treatment plans for the patients.@*METHODS@#A total of 63 patients with PLA2R-related membranous nephropathy hospitalized in the Department of Nephrology at our hospital from January, 2019 to October, 2021 were enrolled in this study. Thirty-three of the patients underwent pharmacogenetic testing before taking the immunosuppressive drugs selected based on the results of genetic screening for sensitive targets, and the other 30 patients were empirically given immunosuppressive drugs according to the guidelines (control group). The clinical efficacy and adverse effects of the immunosuppressive drugs were analyzed for all the patients. The two groups of patients were compared for demographic and biochemical parameters including 24-h urine protein, serum albumin, renal function, and serum anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody both before and at 3 months after the beginning of the treatment.@*RESULTS@#Among the 33 patients undergoing pharmacogenetic testing, 51.5% showed a GG genotype for cyclosporine, and 61.6% had an AG genotype for tacrolimus; for CTX, 51.5% of the patients showed a homozygous deletion and 63.6% had an AA genotype. After treatment for 3 months, serum anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody, 24-h urine protein, and serum albumin levels were significantly improved in pharmacogenetic testing group as compared with the control group (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Individualized and precise administration of immunosuppressive drugs based on pharmacogenetic testing better controls proteinuria and serum antiphospholipase A2 receptor antibodies and increases serum albumin level in patients with PLA2R-related membranous nephropathy.

Long-term outcomes of childhood steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To investigate the long-term outcomes and risk factors in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on newly onset SSNS admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2006 to December 2010 and 105 cases with follow-up for more than 10 years were included. Clinical data including general characteristics, clinical manifestation, laboratory tests, treatment and prognosis. The primary outcome was the clinical cure, and the secondary outcomes were relapse or ongoing immunosuppressive treatment within the last 1 year of follow-up and complications at the last follow-up. According to the primary outcome, the patients were divided into clinical cured group and uncured group. Categorical variables were compared between 2 groups using the χ2 or Fisher exact test, and continuous variables by t or Mann-Whitney U test. Multiple Logistic regression models were used for multivariate analysis. Results: Of the 105 children with SSNS, the age of onset was 3.0 (2.1, 5.0) years, and 82 (78.1%) were boys, 23(21.9%) were girls. The follow-up time was (13.1±1.4) years; 38 patients (36.2%) had frequently relapsing or steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (FRNS or SDNS) and no death or progression to end-stage kidney disease. Eighty-eight patients (83.8%) were clinically cured. Seventeen patients (16.2%) did not reach the clinical cure criteria, and 14 patients (13.3%) had relapsed or ongoing immunosuppressive treatment within the last year of follow-up. The proportion of FRNS or SDNS (12/17 vs. 29.5% (26/88), χ2=10.39), the proportion of treatment with second-line immunosuppressive therapy (13/17 vs. 18.2% (16/88), χ2=21.39), and the level of apolipoprotein A1 at onset ((2.0±0.5) vs. (1.7±0.6) g/L, t=2.02) in the uncured group were higher than those in the clinical cured group (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that patients treated with immunosuppressive therapy had an increased risk of not reaching clinical cure in the long term (OR=14.63, 95%CI 4.21-50.78, P<0.001). Of the 55 clinically cured patients who had relapsed, 48 patients (87.3%) did not relapse after 12 years of age. The age at last follow-up was 16.4 (14.6, 18.9) years, and 34 patients (32.4%) were ≥18 years of age. Among the 34 patients who had reached adulthood, 5 patients (14.7%) still relapsed or ongoing immunosuppressive treatment within the last year of follow-up. At the last follow-up, among the 105 patients, 13 still had long-term complications, and 8 patients were FRNS or SDNS. The proportion of FRNS or SDNS patients with short stature, obesity, cataracts, and osteoporotic bone fracture was 10.5% (4/38), 7.9% (3/38), 5.3% (2/38), and 2.6% (1/38), respectively. Conclusions: The majority of SSNS children were clinically cured, indicating a favorable long-term prognosis. History of treatment with second-line immunosuppressive therapy was the independent risk factor for patients not reaching the clinical cure criteria in the long term. While it is not uncommon for children with SSNS to persist into adulthood. The prevention and control of long-term complications of FRNS or SDNS patients should be strengthened.

Effect of Eltrombopag on Response to Immunosuppressive Therapy in Patients with Transfusion-Dependent Non-Severe Aplastic Anemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the efficacy of eltrombopag combined with cyclosporine A (CsA) and CsA alone in patients with transfusion-dependent non-severe aplastic anemia (TD-NSAA).@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 76 patients with treatment-naive TD-NSAA in Ningde Municipal Hospital of Ningde Normal University and Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from December 2017 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 45 cases were treated with eltrombopag combined with CsA, and 31 patients with compatible baseline characters were treated with CsA alone. The efficacy of patients between the two groups was compared, and the factors affecting the curative effects were also analyzed.@*RESULTS@#There were significant differences in hematological response (HR) and complete response(CR) rates between the two groups at 3, 6, 12 months, and follow-up endpoint of treatment (P<0.05). With the prolongation of eltrombopag treatment time, the curative effect increased gradually, and the patients achieved more CR and HR rates by the end of the follow-up period. Simultaneously, with the increase in the maximum stable dose of eltrombopag, the HR rate increased gradually. The megakaryocyte count in eltrombopag group was higher than that in control at 6 and 12 months (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the median time of platelet transfusion independence in eltrombopag group was more shorter (P=0.018), and the median platelets transfusion volume was lower (P=0.009). At 3, 6, 12 months after eltrombopag, the change of platelet in eltrombopag group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Analysis of related factors affecting the efficacy showed that sex, age, iron overload, platelet count before treatment had no effect on the efficacy, and the median maximum stable dosage and the administration period for eltrombopag were related to the curative effect. The patients of eltrombopag group experienced adverse events of varying degrees, but the reactions were mild and mostly tolerated.@*CONCLUSION@#Eltrombopag can effectively improve the hematopoietic response and promote platelet recovery for TD-NSAA patients with relatively more residual hematopoietic cells, and it is safe and well tolerated.

Approaches in the treatment of perianal fistula in Crohn disease

Perianal fistula is a common complication of Crohn disease, and it is a great burden on the life and psychology of patients, but its treatment is still a difficult problem to face. In recent years, progress in the treatment of Crohn disease has progressed rapidly due to the advent of biological agents, but there has been a lack of research on perianal fistula in Crohn disease, and the direction of research has been scattered; therefore, the author reviews the traditional treatment of perianal fistula in Crohn disease in the context of the available literature and discusses emerging and potential therapeutic approaches. (AU)

Fatores associados à adesão a terapia imunossupressora em indivíduos transplantados renais / Factors associated with adherence to immunosuppressive therapy in renal transplant recipients / Factores asociados a la adherencia a la terapia inmunosupresora en receptores de trasplante renal

Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados à adesão a terapia imunossupressora em indivíduos transplantados renais. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo de corte transversal, com indivíduos transplantados renais em acompanhamento ambulatorial, na cidade do Recife, Nordeste do Brasil. Utilizou-se a Assessment of Adherence with Immunosuppressive Medication Scale para avaliar a adesão aos imunossupressores. Resultados: Em 147 transplantados renais, foi observada uma prevalência de mulheres (51,70%) com baixa escolaridade e baixo nível socioeconômico (60,54%). A amostra foi composta, em sua maioria, por receptores de enxerto renal proveniente de doador cadáver (50,34%), com tempo de espera para o transplante de até 48 meses (62,59%). A taxa de adesão dos participantes foi de 56,42%, e esteve associada ao tempo médio pós-transplante (p=0,033), com maior índice naqueles com menos de 5 anos de transplante renal. Os fatores associados a não adesão foram atrasos e esquecimentos. Conclusão: Considerando a necessidade de ampliar a taxa de adesão, é fundamental considerar o tempo de transplante renal no planejamento das ações. Além disso, é preciso utilizar estratégias que auxiliem na manutenção da tomada dos imunossupressores conforme prescrição médica a fim de contribuir para a manutenção do enxerto renal. (AU)

Objective: To analyze the factors associated with adherence to immunosuppressive therapy in kidney transplant patients. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, with kidney transplant patients undergoing outpatient follow-up, in the city of Recife, Northeast Brazil. The Assessment of Adherence with Immunosuppressive Medication Scale was used to assess adherence to immunosuppressants. Results: In 147 kidney transplant recipients, there was a prevalence of women (51,70%), with low education and low socioeconomic status (60,54%). The sample consisted, mostly, of kidney graft recipients from cadaver donors (50,34%), with a waiting time for transplantation of up to 48 months (62,59%). The adherence rate of the participants was 56.42%, and was associated with the average post-transplant time (p = 0.033), with a higher rate in those with less than 5 years of kidney transplantation. The factors associated with non-adherence were delays and forgetfulness. Conclusion: Considering the need to increase the adherence rate, it is essential to consider the time of kidney transplantation when planning actions. In addition, it is necessary to use strategies that assist in maintaining the intake of immunosuppressants according to medical prescription in order to contribute to the maintenance of the renal graft. (AU)

Objetivo: Analizar los factores asociados a la adherencia a la terapia inmunosupresora en receptores de trasplante renal. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal con pacientes con trasplante renal en seguimiento ambulatorio, en la ciudad de Recife, noreste de Brasil. Se utilizó la Assessment of Adherence with Immunosuppressive Medication Scale para evaluar la adherencia a los inmunosupresores. Resultados: En 147 receptores de trasplante renal, hubo una prevalencia de mujeres (51,70%), con bajo nivel educativo y nivel socioeconómico bajo (60,54%). La muestra estuvo compuesta, mayoritariamente, por receptores de injerto renal de donante cadáver (50,34%), con un tiempo de espera para el trasplante de hasta 48 meses (62,59%). La tasa de adherencia de los participantes fue del 56,42% y se asoció con el tiempo medio pos trasplante (p = 0,033), con una tasa mayor en aquellos con menos de 5 años de trasplante renal. Los factores asociados a la no adherencia fueron los retrasos y el olvido. Conclusión: Considerando la necesidad de incrementar la tasa de adherencia, es fundamental considerar el momento del trasplante renal a la hora de planificar acciones. Además, es necesario utilizar estrategias que ayuden a mantener la ingesta de inmunosupresores según prescripción médica para contribuir al mantenimiento del injerto renal. (AU)

Enfermedad relacionada a IgG4. Serie clínica de pacientes chilenos / IGG4-related disease. Report of 52 patients

BACKGROUND: IgG4-related disease (IgG4 RD) is an immune-mediated fibro-inflammatory disorder, with tissue infiltration of IgG4+ plasma cells. It causes pseudotumors, tumors, and a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. AIM: To report the clinical, laboratory, histopathological and treatment characteristics of a group of Chilean patients with IgG4 RD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Review of medical records of 52 patients aged 18 to 76 years with IgG4 RD seen at six medical centers. RESULTS: Elevated IgG4 serum levels (> 135 mg/dl) were found in 18 of 44 (41%) patients. There was histological confirmation of the disease in 46 patients. The most common sites of involvement were lungs, eyes and kidneys. Eighteen (35%) patients had only one organ involved, 34 (65%) patients had two organs and 13 (25%) patients had three or more organs. The involvement of two organs was significantly more common in men (p < 0.05). In patients with only one organ involvement, the most frequent location was orbital and meningeal. All patients with kidney or lung disease had multiorgan involvement. All patients received corticosteroid therapy, 67% synthetic immunosuppressants, and 16% rituximab. CONCLUSIONS: ER-IgG4 can affect any tissue. Multiorgan involvement was more common in this series, with preference for lungs, eyes and kidneys. An excellent response to steroids is characteristic of the disease, but with a high relapse rate that requires additional immunosuppression.

Miocarditis lúpica: reporte de un caso / Lupus myocarditis: a case report / Miocardite lúpica: relato de um caso

El término miocarditis hace referencia a una inflamación del miocardio, que puede tener diversas causas (infecciones, tóxicos, enfermedades autoinmunes). Su diagnóstico es desafiante debido al gran espectro de presentaciones clínicas que puede adoptar, muchas veces imitando patologías más prevalentes como el infarto agudo de miocardio. La miocarditis asociada a enfermedades autoinmunes es poco frecuente, y la importancia de reconocerla radica en que el diagnóstico e inicio temprano del tratamiento son cruciales para mejorar su pronóstico. Presentamos aquí un caso clínico de una perimiocarditis lúpica.

Myocarditis refers to an inflammation of the myocardium, which can have various causes (infections, toxic substances, autoimmune diseases). Its diagnosis is challenging due to the wide spectrum of clinical presentations, often mimicking more prevalent pathologies such as acute myocardial infarction. Myocarditis associated with autoimmune diseases is rare, and the importance of recognizing is that early diagnosis and initiation of treatment are crucial to improve its prognosis. We present here a clinical case of lupus perimyocarditis.

O termo miocardite refere-se a uma inflamação do miocárdio, que pode ter várias causas (infecções, substâncias tóxicas, doenças autoimunes). Seu diagnóstico é desafiador devido ao amplo espectro de apresentações clínicas que pode ter, muitas vezes mimetizando patologias mais prevalentes como o infarto agudo do miocárdio. A miocardite associada a doenças autoimunes é rara, e a importância de reconhecê-la reside no fato de que o diagnóstico precoce e o início do tratamento são cruciais para melhorar seu prognóstico. Apresentamos aqui um caso clínico de perimiocardite lúpica.

Ampliação de uso do eltrombopague para o tratamento adicional a imunossupressor em pacientes adultos com anemia aplástica grave / Expansion of use of eltrombopague for the Additional immunosuppressive treatment in adult patients with severe aplastic anemia

INTRODUÇÃO: A anemia aplástica (AA) é uma doença rara e com risco de vida devido à falha herdada ou adquirida da medula óssea para produzir células sanguíneas, levando à pancitopenia progressiva. O tratamento para AA é determinado por uma série de fatores, incluindo gravidade da pancitopenia, idade do paciente, disponibilidade de doadores de célulastronco hematopoética, fonte de célula-tronco hematopoética, disponibilidade de imunossupressão e acesso a terapias ideais. Eltrombopague, um agonista de trombopoietina (TPO) vem emergindo como uma opção de tratamento para AA grave associado a terapia imunossupressora padrão. INDICAÇÃO: Pacientes adultos com anemia aplástica grave. PERGUNTA: Eltrombopague associado à terapia imunossupressora padrão (imunoglobulina antitimócito [ATG] e ciclosporina) é eficaz, seguro e custo-efetivo no tratamento de pacientes adultos com AA grave, quando comparado à terapia imunossupressora padrão (ATG e ciclosporina) isolada no SUS? EVIDÊNCIAS CLÍNICAS: A partir de uma busca bibliográfica conduzida nas bases PubMed, EMBASE e Cochrane Reviews, um ensaio clínico randomizado (ECR) foi selecionado, fornecendo evidências sobre a eficácia e segurança do eltrombopague adicionado ao tratamento imunossupressor em pacientes adultos com AA grave. Os pacientes apresentaram uma resposta completa em três meses de 10% no Grupo A (controle) e 22% no Grupo B (intervenção) (OR: 3,2; IC 95%, 1,3 a 7,8; P=0,01). Aos seis meses, a taxa de resposta geral foi de 41% no Grupo A e 68% no Grupo B. Os tempos médios para a primeira resposta foram de 8,8 meses (Grupo A) e 3,0 meses (Grupo B). A adição de eltrombopague à terapia imunossupressora padrão não resultou em melhora significativa da sobrevida global. A taxa de sobrevida global em dois anos foi de 85% (IC95%:78 a 92) para o grupo controle e de 90% (IC95%: 82 a 97) para o grupo intervenção. No entanto, o eltrombopague adicionado à terapia imunossupressora padrão aumentou a sobrevida livre de eventos de 34% para 46% em dois anos por meio da redução da refratariedade inicial à imunossupressão. A incidência de eventos adversos graves foi semelhante nos dois grupos. Para os desfechos resposta hematológica, sobrevida global, sobrevida livre de eventos, qualidade de vida e eventos adversos, considerou-se moderada qualidade de evidência pelo GRADE. AVALIAÇÃO ECONÔMICA: Na análise de custo-efetividade, empregando árvore de decisão e considerando-se o desfecho Taxa de Resposta Global, comparou-se o tratamento padrão (TP) versus a adição de eltrombopague ao TP, em um horizonte temporal de um ano. Ao demonstrar menor custo e maior efetividade, eltrombopague + TP se mostrou custo-efetiva no tratamento da AAG em pacientes não elegíveis ao TCTH, considerando-se a RCEI de - R$ 287.140,99. Na análise de sensibilidade, variando-se os custos de ATG e de eltrombopague, os resultados mostraram-se estáveis nos cenários avaliados, continuando a demonstrar que a adição de eltrombopague ao TP é custo-efetiva. ANÁLISE DE IMPACTO ORÇAMENTÁRIO: Avaliando-se três cenários diferentes em cinco anos, e considerando uma abordagem epidemiológica e demanda aferida (dispensações de ciclosporina para AA no SUS), a ampliação de uso do eltrombopague pode gerar economia de recursos de até R$ 241,2 milhões, ou seja, 12% menor do que o valor gasto no cenário de referência. Entretanto, nos cenários que se pressupõe menor uso do eltrombopague, a economia de recursos é menor. No cenário 2 o impacto orçamentário incremental é de - R$ 188,59 milhões e no cenário 3 é de - R$ 134 milhões. MONITORAMENTO DO HORIZONTE TECNOLÓGICO: Foi detectada uma tecnologia para compor o tratamento adicional a imunossupressor em pacientes adultos com AAG. Trata-se do hetrombopag, um agonista do receptor de trombopoetina, mesmo mecanismo de ação da tecnologia em avaliação neste relatório, encontrando-se em fase 3 de pesquisa clínica, e sem registro para qualquer indicação na Anvisa, FDA ou EMA. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: A AA é uma doença rara e frequentemente grave ou muito grave e que até o momento, não dispunha de um tratamento clínico com resultados satisfatórios, cenário esse que perdura por mais de 30 anos. No presente relatório, é apresentado um ECR multicêntrico, com moderada qualidade de evidência, recentemente publicado e com um número expressivo de pacientes, considerando-se a raridade da doença e que trouxe resultados significativamente superiores, quando comparado ao tratamento padrão isolado em praticamente todos os desfechos avaliados, além de perfil de seguração comparável ao tratamento atual. Na avaliação econômica, a adição de eltrombopague ao tratamento padrão trouxe vantagens clínicas e econômicas, mostrando ser custo-efetiva. Assim também, na análise de impacto orçamentário, a ampliação de seu uso, considerando-se que a tecnologia já está incorporada no SUS para o tratamento de TPI, trouxe economia de recursos em todos os cenários avaliados. RECOMENDAÇÃO PRELIMINAR DA CONITEC: No dia 09 de março de 2022, em sua 106ª Reunião Ordinária, os membros da Conitec deliberaram que a matéria fosse disponibilizada em consulta pública com recomendação preliminar favorável à ampliação de uso do eltrombopague para o tratamento adicional a imunossupressor em pacientes adultos com anemia aplástica grave. Considerou-se que as evidências apresentadas demonstraram eficácia e segurança acerca do tratamento proposto frente às alternativas terapêuticas já disponíveis no SUS, além de ser custo-efetivo e apresentar economia de recursos para o SUS. CONSULTA PÚBLICA: Foi realizada no período de 04/04/2022 a 25/04/2022. Foram recebidas 51 contribuições, sendo 21 pelo formulário técnico-científico e 30 pelo formulário sobre experiência ou opinião. Todas as contribuições recebidas concordaram com a recomendação preliminar da Conitec, sendo favoráveis à ampliação de uso da tecnologia. Assim, o entendimento da Conitec não foi alterado. RECOMENDAÇÃO FINAL DA CONITEC: Diante do exposto, os membros do Plenário da Conitec, em sua 108ª Reunião Ordinária, no dia 05 de maio de 2022, deliberaram por unanimidade recomendar a ampliação de uso do eltrombopague para o tratamento adicional a imunossupressor em pacientes adultos com anemia aplástica grave. Por fim, foi assinado o Registro de Deliberação nº 728/2022. DECISÃO: Ampliar o uso do eltrombopague para o tratamento adicional a imunossupressor em pacientes adultos com anemia aplástica grave, no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS conforme a Portaria nº 47, publicada no Diário Oficial da União nº 105, seção 1, página 78, em 3 de junho de 2022.

Effect of Tacrolimus and Cyclosporine Immunosuppressants on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis / Efeito dos imunossupressores tacrolimus e ciclosporina na regeneração de nervos periféricos: Revisão sistemática e metanálises

Abstract Peripheral nerve damage is an important cause of seeking medical attention. It occurs when the continuity of structures is interrupted and the propagation of nervous impulses is blocked, affecting the functional capacity of individuals. To assess the effects of the immunosuppressants tacrolimus and cyclosporine on the regeneration of peripheral nerves, a systematic review of the literature was carried out. The articles included were published until September 2018 and proposed to evaluate the effects of the immunosuppressants tacrolimus and cyclosporine on nerve regeneration and neuroprotection, available in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Oxford Pain Relief Database, and LILACS databases. The research analysed a total of 56 articles, of which 22 were included in the meta-analysis. Statistical analysis suggests the protective effect of tacrolimus in the regeneration of the number of myelinated axons (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93-2.39; p< 0.01); however, such effect was not observed in relation to cyclosporine (95%CI: - 0.38-1.18; p» 0.08) It also suggests that there is a significant relationship between the use of tacrolimus and myelin thickness (95%CI» 2.00-5.71; p< 0. 01). The use of immunosuppressants in the regeneration of peripheral nerve damage promotes an increase in the number of myelinated axons in general, regardless of the administered dose. In addition, it ensures greater myelin thickness, muscle weight and recovery of the sciatic functional index. However, heterogeneity was high in most analyses performed.

Resumo As lesões nervosas periféricas são uma causa importante de busca por atendimento médico. Elas ocorrem quando há a interrupção da continuidade das estruturas e do bloqueio da propagação dos impulsos nervosos, afetando a capacidade funcional dos indivíduos. Para avaliar os efeitos dos imunossupressores tacrolimus e ciclosporina na regeneração de nervos periféricos, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Foram incluídos artigos publicados até setembro de 2018, que se propunham avaliar os efeitos dos imunossupressores tacrolimus e ciclosporina na regeneração nervosa e neuroproteção, disponíveis nas bases de dados MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Oxford Pain Relief Database e LILACS. A pesquisa analisou um total de 56 artigos, dos quais 22 foram para metanálise. A análise estatística sugere o efeito protetor do tacrolimus na regeneração do número de axônios mielinizados (intervalo de confiança [IC] 95%: 0,93-2,39; p< 0,01); todavia tal efeito não foi observado em relação à ciclosporina (IC95%: - 0,38-1,18; p» 0,08). Ela também sugere haver uma relação significativa entre o uso do tacrolimus e a espessura da mielina (IC95%: 2,00-5,71; p< 0,01). O uso de imunossupressores na regeneração de lesão nervosa periférica promove um aumento no número de axônios mielinizados de forma geral, independentemente da dose administrada. Além disso, garante uma maior espessura da mielina, um maior peso muscular e restabelecimento do índice da função do nervo ciático. Todavia, a heterogeneidade foi alta na maioria das análises realizadas.

Eficacia y seguridad del Baricitinib en pacientes adultos hospitalizados con COVID-19: actualización 06 abril 2022 / Efficacy and safety of baricitinib in hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19: update 06 April 2022

ANTECEDENTES: Este informe se efectúa en atención a la solicitud de la Dirección General de Intervenciones Estratégicas de Salud Pública del Ministerio de Salud. El objetivo es sintetizar la evidencia científica publicada respecto a la eficacia y seguridad de Baricitinib en el tratamiento de pacientes adultos hospitalizados con COVID-19. MÉTODOS: Formulación de pregunta PICO: ¿En pacientes adultos hospitalizados con COVID-19, la administración de Baricitinib es efectiva y segura en comparación a no administrarlo? Criterios de elegibilidad: Los criterios de selección de los estudios fueron los siguientes: Revisiones sistemáticas (RS), revisiones rápidas (RR), ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (ECA) que reporten resultados para al menos uno de los desenlaces. Estudios publicados en idioma inglés y español. Se excluyeron cartas al editor, revisiones narrativas, estudios preclínicos (estudios in vitro o en modelos animales) y artículos de opinión. Métodos para la búsqueda e identificación de la evidencia: Para la identificación de las revisiones sistemáticas se efectuó una búsqueda manual en la plataforma de COVID-END disponible en https://www.mcmasterforum.org/networks/covid-end, recuperándose dos revisiones sistemáticas vivas: Revisión sistemática de COVID-NMA Consortium(1) disponible en https://covid-nma.com/ actualizada al 01 de abril 2022. Revisión Rápida de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS), versión del 15 de marzo de 2022(2), disponible en https://covid-nma.com/living_data/index.php?treatment1=Baricitinib&submit=Validate#comparisons_div Para recuperar ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que no hubieran sido incluidos en las revisiones antes señaladas, se efectuó una búsqueda manual en la Plataforma Living Overview of the Evidence (L·OVE) de la Fundación Epistemonikos. Se realizó además una búsqueda en las páginas web oficiales de agencias reguladoras de Medicamentos como la Administración de Medicamentos y Alimentos (FDA) de Estados Unidos, la Agencia Europea de Medicamentos (EMA), y la Dirección General de Medicamentos, Insumos y Drogas (DIGEMID) de Perú. RESULTADOS: Información disponible en las páginas web de las agencias reguladoras de Medicamentos: El baricitinib es un inmunosupresor (un medicamento que reduce la actividad del sistema inmunitario). Actúa bloqueando la acción de unas enzimas denominadas «cinasas Janus¼. Estas enzimas desempeñan un papel importante en los procesos de inflamación y deterioro que se produce en la artritis reumatoide y en la dermatitis atópica. Al bloquear las enzimas, el baricitinib reduce la inflamación en las articulaciones y la piel y otros síntomas de estas enfermedades. Está indicado para el tratamiento de la artritis reumatoide activa de moderada a grave en pacientes adultos con respuesta inadecuada o intolerancia a uno o más fármacos antirreumáticos modificadores de la enfermedad. La Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos de los Estados Unidos (FDA), el 19 de noviembre de 2020 emitió la primera Autorización de Uso de Emergencia (EUA) para permitir el uso de baricitinib para el tratamiento del COVID-19. Actualmente está autorizado para adultos y pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados de 2 años de edad o mayores que requieren oxígeno suplementario, ventilación no invasiva o ventilación mecánica invasiva u oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea (ECMO). En el país, el uso de Baricitinib (Olumiant 2mg y 4mg) está autorizado para el tratamiento de la artritis reumatoide activa de moderada a severa en pacientes adultos con respuesta inadecuada o intolerancia a uno o más fármacos antirreumáticos modificadores de la enfermedad, se puede utilizar en monoterapia o en combinación con metotrexato. Estudios identificados: Las dos revisiones identificadas incluyeron a 4 ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. La RS viva efectuada por COVID-NMA(1) fue seleccionada, ya que obtuvo una mejor puntuación con la herramienta AMSTAR (10/11) en comparación a la RR de OPS (7/11), según la evaluación de COVID-END. Se identificaron 4 artículos, tres de ellos publicados y uno disponible como pre-print (manuscrito sin revisión por pares). Los resultados de un ensayo clínico fueron reportados en 2 publicaciones respecto a la eficacia y seguridad de la administración del Baricitinib en adición al tratamiento estándar versus placebo más tratamiento estándar. Por otro lado, un ensayo clínico adicional reportó resultados para la evaluación del tratamiento combinado del Baricitinib y el antiviral remdesivir versus placebo más remdesivir(9), además de que ambos brazos recibieron el tratamiento estándar disponible. CONCLUSIONES: Baricitinib es un fármaco inmunosupresor que actúa bloqueando la acción de unas enzimas denominadas "cinasas Janus". Tiene autorización de uso de emergencia por la FDA de Estados Unidos para el tratamiento del COVID-19 en pacientes hospitalizados, adultos y pediátricos (≥ 2 años) que requieren oxígeno suplementario, ventilación no invasiva, ventilación mecánica invasiva u oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea. El objetivo de este informe fue sintetizar la evidencia científica publicada respecto a la eficacia y seguridad de Baricitinib en el tratamiento de pacientes adultos hospitalizados con COVID-19 en comparación a no administrarlo (tratamiento estándar / placebo). La evidencia en pacientes adultos hospitalizados con COVID-19 severo a crítico, tiempo de enfermedad ≥ 7 días, con soporte respiratorio (oxigenoterapia convencional: 63 a 68%) y recibiendo corticoides al ingreso del estudio, mostró lo siguiente: Baricitinib en adición al tratamiento estándar probablemente disminuye la mortalidad a los 28 y 60 días, en comparación a tratamiento estándar únicamente. Baricitinib en adición al tratamiento estándar reduce la necesidad de ventilación mecánica invasiva o la muerte en comparación al tratamiento estándar solo: 22 personas menos por cada 1000 tratados progresaron a ventilación mecánica invasiva o la muerte (2.2% menos), IC 95%: 38 menos a 5 menos (o 3.8% menos a 0.5% menos); RR: 0.87%, IC95%: 0.78 a 0.97%; 3 ECA, 9782 participantes; evidencia de certeza alta. Baricitinib en adición al tratamiento estándar probablemente no incrementa la incidencia de eventos adversos y eventos adversos serios en comparación a sólo tratamiento estándar: 48 personas menos por cada 1000 participantes tratados con baricitinib experimentaron al menos 1 evento adverso serio; RR 0.77; IC 95%: 0.64 a 0.94; 2 ECA, 1626 participantes; evidencia de certeza moderada. Un estudio de los 3 identificados, enroló a personas que habían recibido al menos 1 dosis de una vacuna contra SARS-CoV-2 (42% del total de participantes del estudio).

Amicrobial pustulosis of the folds: report of two cases / Pustulosis amicrobiana de los pliegues. Informe de dos casos

ABSTRACT Amicrobial Pustulosis of the Folds is a relapsing, chronic and rare neutrophilic dermatosis, characterized by papulopustular, eczematous and aseptic lesions on skin folds. This disorder usually occurs predominantly in females (30 years of age average) with a history of an autoimmune disorder, especially systemic lupus erythematosus. There is no standard therapy, but systemic corticosteroids, alone or in combination with other immunosuppressive drugs, are usually the first-line therapy. We report two females aged 37 and 20 years with the disease but without associated autoimmune diseases. They were successfully treated with non-steroidal treatments.

La pustulosis amicrobiana de los pliegues es una dermatosis neutrofílica crónica, recurrente y poco común. Se caracteriza por lesiones pápulo-pustulosas, eczematosas y asépticas de los pliegues cutáneos. Este cuadro se presenta predominantemente en mujeres de alrededor de 30 años con enfermedades autoinmunes, especialmente lupus eritematoso sistémico. No existe un tratamiento estándar pero los corticoides solos o con inmunosupresores se usan de primera línea. Informamos dos mujeres de 27 y 20 años sin patología autoinmune, con la enfermedad. Ellas fueron tratadas exitosamente sin usar esteroides.

Eficacia y seguridad del Baricitinib en pacientes adultos hospitalizados con COVID-19 / Efficacy and safety of baricitinib in hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19

ANTECEDENTES: Este informe se efectúa en atención a la solicitud de la Dirección General de Intervenciones Estratégicas de Salud Pública del Ministerio de Salud. El objetivo es sintetizar la evidencia científica publicada respecto a la eficacia y seguridad de Baricitinib en el tratamiento de pacientes adultos hospitalizados con COVID-19. MÉTODOS: Formulación de pregunta PICO: ¿En pacientes adultos hospitalizados con COVID-19, la administración de Baricitinib es efectiva y segura en comparación a no administrarlo? Criterios de elegibilidad: Los criterios de selección de los estudios fueron los siguientes: Revisiones sistemáticas (RS), revisiones rápidas (RR), ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (ECA) que reporten resultados para al menos uno de los desenlaces. Estudios publicados en idioma inglés y español. Se excluyeron cartas al editor, revisiones narrativas, estudios preclínicos (estudios in vitro o en modelos animales) y artículos de opinión. Métodos para la búsqueda

Efficacy of adrenocorticotropic hormone in children with frequently relapsing or steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in children with frequently relapsing or steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome. Methods: The clinical data of 38 children with frequently relapsing or steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome who were admitted to the Department of Nephrology, the Children Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2015 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The general information, clinical manifestations, laboratory data of the children and follow-up (till 12 months after treatment) were collected. The patients were divided into ACTH group and Glucocorticoid (GC) group according to treatment plan. Cumulative remission, average recurrence rate, GC dosage, height and weight change and peripheral blood CD19+B lymphocyte count were compared between the two groups to evaluate the efficacy and adverse reactions of ACTH. Fisher's exact test, t test or rank sum test was used for comparison between groups. Results: Among the 38 patients, 28 were male and 10 were female, aged 84 (24, 180) months; 19 were in ACTH group and 19 were in GC group. The cumulative remission rate of 12 months in ACTH group was higher than that in GC group (9/19 vs. 2/19,χ²=6.81,P=0.009), the average recurrence rate was lower than that in GC group ((0.7±0.8) vs. (1.7±1.1) times, t=-3.27, P=0.011), and the average dosage of GC was lower than that in GC group ((0.27±0.16) vs. (0.51±0.27) mg/(kg·d), t=-3.21, P=0.014). The increase in height was higher than that in the GC group (4 (3,5) vs. 3 (2, 3) cm/year, Z=2.58, P=0.010), and the peripheral blood CD19+B lymphocyte count was lower than that in the GC group ((223±149)×106 vs. (410±213)×106/L,t=-3.35, P=0.009). In safety, 19 cases had transient decreased urine volume, 7 cases had hyperglycemia, and 3 cases had hypertension during the infusion of ACTH, which could be relieved after drug withdrawal. Conclusion: ACTH has a better effect on children with frequently relapsing or steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome, which can improve cumulative sustained remission rate, lower relapses rate and decrease the dosage of GC, with good safety.

Pharmacokinetic study of anti-human T-cell porcine immunoglobulin combined with cyclosporine A immunosuppressive therapy in patients with severe aplastic anemia / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To study the metabolic characteristics of anti-human T-cell porcine immunoglobulin (p-ATG) in patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) . Methods: For patients with SAA treated with p-ATG combined cyclosporine A (CsA) immunosuppressants between February 2017 and December 2017, the p-ATG dose was 20 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1) over 12 h of intravenous administration for 5 consecutive days. The blood concentration of p-ATG was detected by the three-antibody sandwich ELISA method, the pharmacokinetic analysis software was fitted, and the second-chamber model method was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters and plot the pharmacokinetic curve. Adverse events were recorded and the hematologic reactions were determined at 6 months after treatment. Results: Sixteen patients with SAA treated with p-ATG were enrolled, including 8 females and 8 males, with a median age of 22 years (range, 12 to 49 years) and a median weight of 62.5 kg (range, 37.5 to 82.0 kg) . The pharmacokinetics of p-ATG could be evaluated in 14 cases. p-ATG is distributed in vivo as a two-chamber model, with an average drug concentration peak (T(max)) of (5.786±2.486) days, a peak concentration (C(max)) of (616±452) mg/L, and a half-life of (10.479±8.242) days. The area under the drug time curve (AUC) was (5.807±3.236) mg/L·d. Six months after treatment, 8 of 14 patients received a hematologic response; the AUC (0-t) of the effective group and ineffective groups was (7.50±3.26) mg/L·d vs (4.50±2.18) mg/L·d, and the C(max) was (627±476) mg/L vs (584±382) mg/L, respectively. Conclusion: The plasma concentration of p-ATG reached a peak after 5 days of continuous infusion, and then decreased slowly, with a half-life of 10.479 days, and the residual drug concentration was detected in the body 60 days after administration. A relationship between drug metabolism and efficacy and adverse reactions could not be determined.

Reassessing the six months prognosis of patients with severe or very severe aplastic anemia without hematological responses at three months after immunosuppressive therapy / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To reassess the predictors for response at 6 months in patients with severe or very severe aplastic anemia (SAA/VSAA) who failed to respond to immunosuppressive therapy (IST) at 3 months. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 173 patients with SAA/VSAA from 2017 to 2018 who received IST and were classified as nonresponders at 3 months. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate factors that could predict the response at 6 months. Results: Univariate analysis showed that the 3-month hemoglobin (HGB) level (P=0.017) , platelet (PLT) level (P=0.005) , absolute reticulocyte count (ARC) (P<0.001) , trough cyclosporine concentration (CsA-C0) (P=0.042) , soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) level (P=0.003) , improved value of reticulocyte count (ARC(△)) (P<0.001) , and improved value of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR(△)) level (P<0.001) were related to the 6-month response. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that the PLT level (P=0.020) and ARC(△) (P<0.001) were independent prognostic factors for response at 6 months. If the ARC(△) was less than 6.9×10(9)/L, the 6-month hematological response rate was low, regardless of the patient's PLT count. Survival analysis showed that both the 3-year overall survival (OS) [ (80.1±3.9) % vs (97.6±2.6) %, P=0.002] and 3-year event-free survival (EFS) [ (31.4±4.5) % vs (86.5±5.3) %, P<0.001] of the nonresponders at 6 months were significantly lower than those of the response group. Conclusion: Residual hematopoietic indicators at 3 months after IST are prognostic parameters. The improved value of the reticulocyte count could reflect whether the bone marrow hematopoiesis is recovering and the degree of recovery. A second treatment could be performed sooner for patients with a very low ARC(△).

Characteristic of medication compliance behavior in renal transplantation patients / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#After renal transplantation, patients need to take various immunosuppressant, but the drug compliance is poor. The theory of planned behavior suggests that the past medication behavior and subjective norms of individuals are closely related to medication compliance. This study aims to explore the change of medication compliance behavior and its influenting factors for renal transplantation patients at different stages.@*METHODS@#This study was a prospective longitudinal study. The Basel Assessment of Adherence with Immunosuppressive Medication Scale (BAASIS), Medication Belief Scale, Social Support Scale and Quality of Life Scale were used to dynamically follow up renal transplantation patients at pre-operation and 1-month, 6-month, and 12-month after transplantation.@*RESULTS@#A total of 300 patients completed the whole follow-up. The percentage of patients with good medication compliance was 97.60%, 87.30% and 84.30% at 1-month, 6-month and 12-month after transplantation respectively. The life quality of the patients was decreased at 6 months after the operation, and the patients with better self-reported life quality had poor medication compliance. After adjusting for demographic data, the risk of medication incompliance in patients with poor medication compliance before operation was 37.646 times than those with good compliance. Patients who did not use medication reminders had high risk (odds ratio=2.467) of drug non-adherence. The risk of drug non-adherence in patients with more postoperative misgivings was 1.265 times compared with that in patients with less postoperative misgivings.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The medication compliance decreases with the time of transplantation, but the medication compliance of patients with good self-reported life quality is poor. Medication concerns reduce the compliance behavior. Preoperative medication behavior has a significant predictive effect on postoperative behavior. Medication reminder is a protective factor for promoting compliance. Medical staff should pay more attention to preoperative medication belief, behaviors and reminder of using drug so as to provide precise intervention in the renal transplantation patients.